Symptoms & Prevention Of Diseases (Part 2)

SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES

About Infections...

1. Occurrence of fever, along with shivering headache and body ache, with fever subsiding and returning again, are symptoms of Malaria. It is an infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito; marked by paroxysms of chills and fever. Malaria parasites not only destroy the red blood cells but also leave behind their excreta. This is responsible for fever and the feeling of cold with shivering. Repetition of the malaria fever in cycles is due to incomplete destruction of malaria parasites.
2. Acute diarrhea and vomiting leading to dehydration are symptoms of Cholera disease. It is an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food.
3. An insensitive patch on the skin, followed by disfigurement of hands, feet, face, etc. are symptoms associated with Leprosy (also known as Hansen’s disease). It is a chronic granulomatous communicable disease occurring in tropical and subtropical regions; characterized by inflamed nodules beneath the skin and wasting of body parts; caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae. 
4. Nausea, diarrhea and vomiting are symptoms of food poisoning.
5. An acute contagious viral disease characterized by fever and by swelling of the parotid (or salivary) glands along with headache and fever are symptoms of mumps.
6. Cough, loss of weight and fever are some of the symptoms of tuberculosis. It is an infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli and manifested in fever and small lesions (usually in the lungs but in various other parts of the body in acute stages).
7. Body ache, headache, sore throat, cough, fever, and watering of eyes may suggest an attack of influenza.
8. Headache and fever along with vesicles containing fluid may be the symptoms of chicken pox. It is an acute contagious disease caused by herpes varicella zoster virus; causes a rash of vesicles on the face and body.
9. Typhoid is a serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water.
10. Diphtheria is an acute contagious infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae; marked by the formation of a false membrane in the throat and other air passages causing difficulty in breathing and swallowing.

About Neoplasms...

11. Cancer is any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream. Non-healing ulcer, prolonged cough, hoarseness, difficulty in swallowing and loss in weight are some of the symptoms associated by this disease.
12. Symptoms like headache, disturbances in vision, nausea and a feeling of dizziness arise from brain tumour (Glioma).
13. Long-drawn diarrhea, passage of blood in the stool, anaemia, or any other sudden change in the bowel habit of a person needs medical attention, for it may be indicative of Bowel Cancer.
14. Symptoms of fever, anaemia, a painful throat, feeling of weakness and weariness, etc., manifest themselves in Leukemia (Cancer of the Blood).
15. Hodgkin’s disease is a malignant disorder in which there is progressive (but painless) enlargement of lymph tissue followed by enlargement of the spleen and liver.

Miscellaneous

16. Peptic ulcer is a pain in the top part of the stomach, specially when it is empty.
17. If the tongue is swollen and if the facial skin and the skin of the hands, etc., become red, it may be indicative of Pellagra. It is a disease caused by deficiency of niacin or tryptophan (or by a defect in the metabolic conversion of tryptophan to niacin); characterized by gastrointestinal disturbances and erythema and nervous or mental disorders; may be caused by malnutrition or alcoholism or other nutritional impairments.
18. The simultaneous occurrence of different diseases like diarrhea, fever, pneumonia, cancer, etc., are the symptoms of AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Is is a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles.
19. A severe cardiac pain which may be of a temporary nature and which may spread to the arms may be due to Angina Pectoris. It is a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart.
20. Prolonged diarrhea is the common symptoms of Giardiasis. It is an infection of the intestines with protozoa found in contaminated food and water; characterized by diarrhea and nausea and flatulence and abdominal discomfort.
21. Soreness of throat, stiffness of neck, headache, vomiting and fever may indicate an attack of Meningitis. It is an infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the meninges (the tissues that surround the brain or spinal cord) usually caused by a bacterial infection.
22. Sudden fractures in old people may indicate Osteoporosis. It is caused by abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium; most common in postmenopausal women.
23. Deposition of bilirubin gives a yellowish look to patients suffering from Jaundice. It is the yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood; can be a symptom of gallstones or liver infection or anemia.
24. When a person sees double objects when actually it is single, it indicates that he may be suffering from Diplopia. Diplopia often disappears when one eye is covered.
25. Softness and pain in the lower right side of abdomen along with symptoms of nausea and vomiting may be due to Appendicitis.
26. Itching, swelling, and reddish form of allergy may be the symptoms of Eczema.
27. Development of sores between the toes and fingers, accompanied by itching, may be the result of Scabies.
28. Loss in weight, feeling of hunger, and thirst, along with frequent bouts of urination, are the signs of Diabetes.
29. Abdominal pain that occurs some hours after eating food, and lessens on eating again, are the symptoms of Duodenal ulcer.
30. A heavy feeling in the stomach, heartburn, and pain in the top part of the abdomen may be due to Indigestion.
31. Epilepsy is indicated by fits in which the teeth are set firmly together and there are twitchy movements of the hands, legs, and muscles of the face, followed by unconsciousness.
32. Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination; in which the patient lose control over his muscles and exhibits tremors.
33. Prolonged diarrhea with pus-filled and bloody stools may be the symptoms of Ulcerative colitis. It is a serious chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum characterized by recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and fever and chills and profuse diarrhea.
34. When a patient has fever accompanied by cough and a pain in the chest, it could be indicative of Bronchitis.
35. When the body is under foreign invasion by germs, the number of white blood cells in the blood increases, thereby indicating infection in a blood test. These white blood cells are known as Leucocytes.
36. In certain diseases, the number of white blood corpuscles plunges below the normal limit. This condition is known as Leucopenia.
37. Sores near the angles of the mouth and a swollen red tongue are the symptoms of Riboflavin deficiency. Riboflavin is a B vitamin that prevents skin lesions and weight loss.
38. Stiffness of neck, mental disturbance, high temperature, headache and coma are some of the symptoms manifested in Encephalitis. It is an inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus.
39. Blocked nose, sneezing, water fluid coming out of the nose are some of the symptoms accompanying Rhinitis.
40. Fever with severe joint pains may be indicative of Rheumatic fever. It is a severe disease chiefly of children and characterized by painful inflammation of the joints and frequently damage to the heart valves.
41. Lockjaw, in which the patient finds difficulty in opening his mouth, is the symptom of Tetanus.
42. In Addison’s disease the body becomes darker in colour. This is due to more melanin depositing on skin.
43. The reddish appearance of the pharynx along with a dry cough may be symptoms of Pharyngitis.
44. When the longing to eat food is lacking, it is known as Anorexia. A deficiency of thiamine in the body will also lead to Anorexia.
45. Difficulty in breathing is a common complaint of heart patients. It is also called as Dyspnoea.
46. Hoarseness and weariness of voice are the common symptoms of Laryngitis.
47. Albinism exhibits white skin, white hair, etc., This is due to absence of melanin.
48. Cystic Fibrosis is the most common congenital disease; the child's lungs and intestines and pancreas become clogged with thick mucus; caused by defect in a single gene.
49. The abdomen increases in size in patients suffering from Ascites.
50. Inflammation of a joint or joints is called Arthritis.
51.  Hyperacidity, i.e. excessive acid in the stomach is a symptom of Peptic Ulcer.
52. Difficult breathing is a symptom of Emphysema. It is an abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function; associated with smoking or chronic bronchitis or old age.

PREVENTION OF DISEASES

1. By taking a diet containing less cholesterol and fat, one can prevent angina pectoris.
2. Eating food with a high fibre content helps prevent colon cancer.
3. Because of the high fibre content in the food they eat, the prevalence of colon cancer is less among vegetarians.
4. Food should be properly cooked and eaten; otherwise there are chances of Salmonella food poisoning.
5. Diseased birds should not be eaten, for that will lead to food poisoning.
6. It has been found that the incidence of heart attack is low amongst fishermen because of their high consumption of fish.
7. Disposable syringes, needles, and gloves are recommended for prevention of the AIDS.
8. Linen of AIDS patients is washed thoroughly to kill all AIDS germs by washing with hot water, soap and bleaching powder.
9. Needles, syringes, etc., used for taking blood samples from AIDS patients should be subjected to burnt.
10. ‘Doctors and nurses should wear gloves and have no cuts on their hands.’ This precaution is taken against AIDS.
11. Personal cleanliness and cleanliness of the surroundings are vital for avoiding food poisoning.
12. All fruits and vegetables brought from the market should be thoroughly washed before cooking or eating, because they may have disease germs and pesticide residues on them.
13. Hands should be washed thoroughly before cooking or eating to avoid infection.
14. Why do people working in the kitchen of hotels and restaurants wear a cap? To prevent food from being contaminated by hair.
15. The incidence of cervical cancer in women can be lessened if they have regular check-up which is done by cervical cytology.
16. Unsaturated fats of vegetable origin must one eat to lessen the occurrence of cardio-vascular diseases.
17. AIDS has always been found to be associated with homosexuals, drug addicts, promiscuous persons and haemophilics.
18. Bodies of AIDS patients should handled with proper precaution. Because the AIDS virus continues to be active in the patient’s blood for some period after death.
19. Bodies are preserved by injecting them with formalin. The process is known as embalming. It is also necessary for doctors and others to take extra precaution while embalming the body of an AIDS victim to avoid infection from the blood and fluids coming out of the victim’s body while embalming.

Diet

20. Serum cholesterol may increase in a person taking too much coffee.
21. Caffeine is the harmful factor present in coffee.
22. A diet with less salt is necessary for patients suffering from Hypertension.
23. Vegetarian diet should be taken to lessen the chances of a heart attack.
24. Excess consumption of alcohol leads to an acute Vitamin B deficiency.
25. Excess alcoholism is not only harmful to health, but it may also cause loss of memory from the ailment known as Korsakoff’s syndrome.
26. Regular exercise and a diet with enough calcium and Vitamin D should be taken in order to avoid the weakening and destruction of bones in old age, which is known as osteoporosis.
27. Coffee, tea, cocoa, alcohol, spicy food, and oily food cause acid secretion, and therefore, should be avoided by patients suffering from gastric ulcer.
28. The large number of factories have increased pollution tremendously. Lead accumulates in the bones and soft tissues. The toxic effects of stored lead have been found to be reduced calcium-rich diet.
29. Children should be given food with enough calcium and Vitamin D in order to avoid rickets.
30. Green leafy vegetables, raisins, dates, eggs, jaggery and meat are rich in iron and should be given to growing children to prevent anaemia.
31. A patient afflicted with Tyrosinemia should thrive on a low-tyrosine diet. (Tyrosinemia is an autosomal recessive defect in tyrosine metabolism resulting in liver and kidney disturbances and mental retardation.)
32. Grapes should be included in the diet to avoid indigestion.
33. Too many cups of strong tea and coffee should not be taken in order to avoid peptic ulcer.
34. Children should not only avoid eating too many sweets, but also brush their teeth after eating sweets in order to avoid dental caries.

Vaccines

35. As protection against tuberculosis, BCG should be taken.
36. Rabipur is the latest vaccine reported against rabies.
37. An oral dose of vaccine is usually given to children to protect them against poliomyelitis. This vaccine is known as Sabin vaccine.
38. All people who keep dogs should get them vaccinated in order to prevent them from developing rabies.
39. A vaccination that gives protection against typhoid and paratyphoid for some period is known as TAB vaccine.
40. Tetanus toxoid gives protection against tetanus.
41. Poliomyelitis can also be prevented by injecting a Salk vaccine.
42. An attack of influenza can be prevented by getting vaccinated.

Miscellaneous

43. Eating at proper intervals, not keeping the stomach empty for long hours, avoiding the consumption of tobacco, and avoiding mental tension are some of the precautions once can take to avoid peptic ulcer.
44. The fetus may be harmed if a pregnant woman takes many cups of coffee.
45. It has been reported that Reye’s syndrome can be prevented in children suffering from influenza or chicken pox if they are not treated with aspirin.
46. Gambusia (mosquitofish) is a fish that feeds on mosquito larvae and destroys mosquito breeding sites.
47. Bacillus thuringiensis has been found to attack the larvae of mosquitoes and hence can substitute insecticides.
48. Until now insecticides are in use to kill mosquitoes. Now a fungus has been found to kill mosquitoes. This is called Culicinomyces.
49. It is not advisable for a pregnant woman to go in for X-rays because the cells of the fetus may be harmed by the ionizing radiation.
50. Milk is heated to kill pathogenic bacteria. This process is known as Pasteurization.
51. Regular exercises should be adopted to keep the heart and lungs in order and to reduce body fat.
52. Persons suffering from high blood pressure should not subject themselves to excessive physical exertion and mental excitation in order to avoid stroke.
53. The statutory warning on a cigarette packet reads ‘CIGARETTE SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH.’ Still many people resort to smoking. Thus, chronic bronchitis victimizes many smokers.
54. When a person has to visit a malaria-infested area the doctor puts him on a Chloroquine drug as a preventive measure.
55. Stress should be avoided to keep high blood pressure at bay.
56. An influenza patient should stay at home in order to avoid transmitting the influenza virus to other people.
57. Infertility and abortion has been found to be associated with women who resort to smoking.

Common Ailments & Diseases (Part I)

Health has become highly important and key issue in our modern society. Under modern living conditions, the hazards to good health are many – from polluted air to contaminated food. This article was published to cater to the needs of those who would like to be aware of common ailments and diseases without exploring through volumes of medical books. It gives wide scope information that affect human health. However, this article does not in any way provide information to resort to self-medication, but only to give readers quick medical reference.

General Information

1. Bacteria that produce diseases are known as pathogenic bacteria.
2. Rabies is a disease produced by a virus which belongs to rhabdovirus category.
3. Insects and ticks are known to be carriers of some viruses called arboviruses.
4. It has been found out that viruses have either RNA or DNA or both. Reoviruses belong to the category of RNA virus.
5. Both poxviruses and herpesviruses belong to DNA viruses.
6. When the body is under foreign invasion it manufactures certain proteins to fight against the foreign proteins. These are known as antibodies.
7. Moisture, food, warm and dark conditions are the conditions ideal for the growth of bacteria.

AIDS (Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome)

8. The immune system is the part of the human system AIDS always attack.
9. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the name of the virus responsible for AIDS.
10. Glycoprotein-41 is the antibody present in most AIDS patients.
11.  AIDS is transmitted through blood and body fluids.
12. The AIDS virus belong to the RNA virus.
13. It takes many years for the length of the incubation period of the virus responsible for AIDS.
14. The T-Helper cells are the cells that HIV always attack.
15. p24 is the level of which antibody goes down as the AIDS disease progresses in a patient.
16. Immunoglobulins is the other name for antibodies. It is a class of proteins produced in lymph tissue in vertebrates and that function as antibodies in the immune response.
17. It was in 1983 when Human Immunodeficiency Virus was identified as the causative factor of AIDS.

Giardiasis

18. Giardiasis is the infection of the intestines with protozoa found in contaminated food and water; characterized by diarrhea and nausea and flatulence and abdominal discomfort
19. Giardia lamblia is the parasite responsible for giardiasis.
20.  The parasite responsible for giardiasis is prevalent in areas where sanitation is poor.
21. Effects of acute giardiasis? The function of the intestine is hindered and growth is obstructed.
22. The excreted cysts of Giardia lamblia remain alive even after excretion.

Amoebiasis

23. Entamoeba histolytica is the parasite responsible for amoebiasis.
24.  The parasite responsible for amoebiasis enter the human system through faecal contamination.
25. These parasites lodge themselves in duodenum.
26. When these parasites invade the intestinal wall, it causes amoebic dysentery.

Diseases of the Eye

27. When distant objects cannot be seen by a person clearly, he is said to be suffering from myopia.
28. When nearby objects cannot be seen by a person, he is said to be suffering from longsightedness.
29. When images are not focused on the retina properly, he is said to be suffering from astigmatism.
30. When the lens of the eyes become cloudy and opaque, this condition is known as cataract.
31. Cataract formed as a result for a person’s old age is known as senile cataract.
32. Cataracts can also happen as a result of iritis.
33. Glaucoma is the result when building up of pressure inside the eyes that lead to blindness.
34. When inflammation occurs of the membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids, it is known as conjunctivitis.
35. When the muscles of the eyes are not balanced, resulting in non-alignment of the eyes, it gives rise to a condition known as squint.
36. Amblyopia is a condition wherein the vision decreases.
37. Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumours that grow in the eyes.
38. Red-green color blindness is an eye disorder arising from a genetic disorder.

Leprosy

39. Mycobacterium leprae is a bacterium organism responsible for producing leprosy.
40.  Leprosy is transmitted from person to person.

Cancer

41. When the tissues in the body grow in an abnormal manner, it gives rise to tumour.
42. Tumours are often referred to as neoplasms.
43. When cancer attacks the bone marrow, it is known as leukaemia.
44. A non-malignant tumour made up of fat tissues is known as lipoma.
45. Cancer of the lymphoid tissues is known as Lymphoma.
46. Cancer of the mucous membranes, skin, secretory glands, etc., is known as Carcinoma.
47. Cancer of the bones, muscles, kidneys, pigmented tissues, lungs, cartilages, etc., is known as Sarcoma.
48. Chondrosarcoma is cancer of the cartilage.
49. Osteosarcoma is cancer of the bone.
50. Melanotic Sarcoma is cancer of the pigmented tissue.
51. Myosarcoma is cancer of the muscles.
52. Glioma is a tumour that occurs in the nerve tissues of the brain.
53. Cells that divide abnormally at a much faster rate than normal cells are known as cancerous cells.
54. Carcinogens are agents that cause cancer.
55. What happens in Hodgkin’s disease? The lymphatic glands are enlarged.
56. Heavy smokers and drinkers are prone to Oesophageal cancer.
57. A tumour that grows slowly and confines itself to a certain part of the body and does not spread rapidly is known as benign tumour.
58. When tumours interfere with the functions of the body and grow and spread swiftly, they are known as malignant tumours.
59. A tumour of the abdomen in children which mostly affects the kidneys is known as Wilm’s tumour.
60. When malignancy appears in the cells of the liver, it is known as malignant hepatoma.
61. Insuloma is a disease in which cancer strikes the cells that manufacture insulin in the body.
62. When a tumour grows in the sweat glands, this disease is known as syringadenoma.
63. Kaposi’s sarcoma is a disease when the tongue, lips, and cheeks get affected.
64. Neoplasm of the spleen is known as splenoma.

Tuberculosis

65. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for causing tuberculosis.
66. When tuberculosis affects the spine, this disease is known as Pott’s disease.
67. Pulmonary tuberculosis refers to tuberculosis of the lungs.
68. Tuberculosis affects the bones also. This is known as Tuberculous osteomyelitis.
69. When tuberculosis affects the lymph glands, it is known as tuberculosis adenitis.
70. Tuberculosis is also known to affect the joints. This is known as Tuberculosis arthritis.

Cerebral hemorrhage

71. Cerebral hemorrhage can attack patients suffering from high blood pressure, hardening of the arteries, and swelling of the walls of the arteries.
72. When the arteries become hard and stiff in a person, the person is said to be suffering from arteriosclerosis.
73. Brain is the part of the body when the blood vessel rupture in cerebral hemorrhage.
74. An attack of cerebral hemorrhage leads to unconsciousness and paralysis.

Ulcers

75. An open sore is known as ulcer.
76. When ulceration of the digestive system occurs, it is known as peptic ulcer.
77. When ulceration takes place in the upper part of the small intestine, it is known as duodenal ulcer.
78. Ulceration of the stomach is known as gastric ulcer.
79. Hydrochloric acid, which is one of the digestive juices, corrodes the walls of the stomach and duodenum to produce peptic ulcer.
80. Tobacco users and people suffering from mental tension are prone to peptic ulcer.
81. Patients who are bedridden develop bedsores which are medically known as decubitus ulcers.
82. Ulcers does not heal easily with patients suffering from diabetes mellitus.
83. Hyperacidity is seen in tobacco users.

Malaria

84. Malaria is prevalent in Asian region.
85. Anopheles mosquito is the insect that harbours the malaria parasites.
86. Malaria is transmitted through mosquito bites.
87. These parasites: P. vivax, P. Malariae, P. Ovale and P. Falciparum are all responsible for the malaria disease.

Burns

88. Upper layer of epidermis is the part of the skin which is affected in first-degree burns.
89. Second-degree burn destroys part of the epidermis and dermis.
90. Third-degree burn destroys both epidermis and dermis.

 Cardiovascular diseases

91. When there is a deviation of the rhythm of the heart from the normal rhythm, the condition is referred to as arrythmiasis.
92. Angina pectoris is a heart disease. It is a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart.
93. Sometimes the veins become dilated and the heart valves do not function properly. This may result in reversing the blood flow. This condition is known as varicose veins.
94. Thrombosis is when there is clotting of blood in the blood vessels.
95. The heart is nourished by the right and left coronary arteries. If the coronary artery gets blocked then the heart will receive less blood. This condition is known as Ischaemia.

Diseases of the Skin

96. When the scalp and hair become infested with lice, the condition is known as pediculosis.
97. An infection that froms round, itchy lesions on the skin is known as ringworms.
98. Sarcoptes scabei is a parasite that causes an itchy skin disease known as scabies.
99. A type of eczema that occurs as a result of handling flour or sugar is known as Grocer’s itch.
100. Psoriasis is a disease in which the outer layer of the skin renew itself much faster than in normal human skin.
101. Leukoderma results from faulty pigmentation of the skin.
102. Wilson’s disease is when there’s an allergic reaction on the skin.
103. Herpes is a skin disease, the cause of which is a virus.
104. Ringworm is categorized as fungal disease.

Encephalitis

105. Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus; symptoms include headache and neck pain and drowsiness and nausea and fever.
106. Mosquitoes is responsible for transmitting encephalitis. 
107. Culex mosquito is the carrier of the encephalitis virus.

Miscellaneous Info

108. Salmonella typhi is the bacterium that causes typhoid.
109. Typhoid is transmitted from contaminated food or water.
110. A kind of paralysis that is accompanied by tremor of the limbs and associated with reduced dopamine in the tissues of the brain is known as Parkinson’s disease.
111. Meningitis is an infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the meninges (the tissues that surround the brain or spinal cord) usually caused by a bacterial infection; symptoms include headache and stiff neck and fever and nausea.
112.  Pneumonia is a respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lungs with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants.
113. Tonsillitis occurs when tonsils become swollen.
114. When certain portions of the tissues of the body die, it is referred to as Gangrene.
115. What does one mean by alopecia? Baldness.
116. Plague is a highly infectious disease that is transmitted by rats.
117. Thalassaemia is the disease in which the body is unable to use iron to synthesize haemoglobin, thereby leading to severe anaemia.
118. Rubella is the other name for German measles.
119. Glossitis occurs when the tongue becomes swollen.
120. Hyperglycaemia is the terminology used to describe excess glucose in the blood.
121. When a person excessively worries about his illness or imagines being inflicted with illness, he is said to be suffering from Hypochondria.
122. What is chancroid? Venereal disease.
123. Gonorrhoea is a venereal disease; symptoms are painful urination and pain around the urethra.
124. Colitis is inflammation of the colon.
125. Inflammation of the mouth takes place in stomatitis.
126. Goitre is the abnormally enlarged thyroid gland; can result from under-production or over-production of hormone or from a deficiency of iodine in the diet.
127. Pain and inflammation of the joints in the body is referred to as arthritis.
128. Kala-azar is a disease that is accompanied by fever and causes damage to the liver and spleen.
129. The parasite Laishmann Donovan is responsible for causing Kala-azar.
130. Sand fly is the carrier of Laishmann Donovan.
131. Virus is responsible for influenza.
132. Earlier it was thought that influenza was caused by Hemophilus influenza.
133. Which is the site of attack of the influenza virus? Respiratory tract.
134. Passing of frequent, watery motions is known as diarrhea.
135. Over-eating of infection from food or water is responsible for diarrhea.
136. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by a microorganism called Rickettsia rickettsii and transmitted by wood ticks.
137. Nephritis is a chronic and acute kidney disease.
138. Toxaemia resulting from the retention of poisonous waste material in the blood stream is known as Uraemia.
139. What happens in rhinitis? The nasal mucous membrane is swollen.
140. An infectious disease brought about by a virus causing swelling and pain in the salivary glands is known as mumps.
141. Tsetse fly is a fly responsible for spreading the disease trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness.
142. The differentiating power of the body’s immune system is reduced with age. In consequence, it fails to differentiate between disease germs and body’s own tissues. As a result, it attacks body’s own tissues by mistake producing auto-immune diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis is thought to be an auto-immune disease.
143. Keshan disease occur problems of the heart muscles from lack of selenium.
144. Bright’s disease (or nephritis) is the inflammation of the kidney.
145. In a particular type of malaria the patient’s urine changes to a dark colour as a result of the red blood cells getting ruined. This is known as Black-water fever.
146. Lack of hormones produced by the adrenal glands leads to a disease known as Addison’s disease.
147. Malfunctioning of thyroid glands leads to improper physical and mental growth.
148. Poisonous gases like hydrogen sulfide, hydrocyanic acid, carbon monoxide and carcinogens are present in cigarette smoke. They cause sore throat, cancer.
149. Gastroenteritis is the inflammation of the stomach and intestines; can be caused by Salmonella enteritidis.
150. Colon is the part of the body affected in Gardner’s syndrome.
151. Albinism is a genetic disorder; is the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin and hair; absence of tyrosinase enzyme causes albinism.
152. Tyrosinemia is an autosomal recessive defect in tyrosine metabolism resulting in liver and kidney disturbances and mental retardation.
153. Sickle-cell anaemia is a congenital form of anemia occurring mostly in blacks; characterized by abnormal blood cells having a crescent shape.
154. Gaucher's disease is a rare chronic disorder of lipid metabolism of genetic origin.
155. Stroke is a disease wherein the blood supply to an area of the brain is interrupted.
156. Haemophilia is a congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son (genetic disease).
157. Ascites is a disease when an abdominal cavity get filled with fluid.
158. The expanding of an artery leads to a weak and swollen area and is known as aneurysm.
159.  Migraine is a severe recurring vascular headache (on one side of the head); occurs more frequently in women than men.
160. A disease of the lungs is common among potters from breathing in of dust. This disease is called Potter’s asthma.
161. The term Oariopathy refer to ovarian disease.
162. Gastroparalysis is when the stomach become paralysed.
163. Lack of insulin often leads to diabetes mellitus.
164. Yellow fever is an infectious disease prevalent in Africa and is caused by a virus which is carried by a certain mosquito, which is the Aedes egypti mosquito.

Facts You Should Know About Calories

1. Improvements in diet, hygiene, and medical care help us live longer, but that doesn’t necessarily mean our eating habits are healthy.
2. Food is said to be the most abused ‘drug’ of all. (Just looking at food can trigger cravings similar to those experienced by an addict.)
3. Obesity is now such a problem that it is said to represent a dramatic shift in human body shape. (Obesity has been labeled a worldwide epidemic by WHO)

If ‘you are what you eat’, does that mean I’m a Snickers bar?

4. Cravings are rooted in emotions, whereas hunger is rooted in biology, so don’t let your cravings sabotage your diet. (People often turn to food to satisfy emotional or spiritual hunger.)
5. If you can’t resist certain foods, it’s more likely to be a craving than true hunger. (You know you’re addicted to something when you can’t bear to do without it. Addictive behavior stops you from being all that you can be.)
6. Monitor your attitude towards food and weight loss, and if things get out of control seek medical advice. (Eating food will fill you, but it can never fulfill you)
7. The greater your stress levels, the more unhealthy your diet is likely to become. (Studies suggest that a sweet tooth may indicate a craving for excitement. Become aware of the emotional triggers that have you reaching out for high-calorie comfort snacks.)

 It is better to eat soup with someone you love than steak with someone you hate.

8. Watch that you’re not comfort-eating through boredom, habit, or to avoid a difficult task (Watch stress-eating. Try other ways of dealing with your stress, such as talking to a friend, going for a walk, or practicing relaxation and breathing techniques)
9. Self-esteem could be the key to your relationship with food. (The more food you eat, the more food your body expects. Its important to control your appetite before it controls you)
10. The thing about dieting is . . . . it’s compulsive, like overeating. (Take care that your scales don’t become an excuse to starve or over-indulge yourself)
11. While we live in a society that applauds the skinny and condemns the plump, unhealthy attitudes towards body shape are likely to prevail. (Watch that you’re not basing your self-esteem on your body shape)
12. The only good reason for losing weight is for health. Really, we shouldn’t be bothered about perfection of form. (People with eating disorders are often attempting to deal with their personal problems by controlling their eating)

 Only 1% of women are said to be happy with the way they look.

13. Don’t let your dress size dictate your identity. You are more than your dress size (Remember that picture of models in glossy magazines are often airbrushed to achieve perfection)
14. Have you got ‘gym guilt’? Gym subscriptions may be booming, but many people’s memberships lapse after only a few visits. (A diet is not the same as a fast – you’re not meant to starve yourself!)

 If lettuce were as comforting as chocolate, perhaps fewer people would have a weight problem!

15. Chocolate boosts the production of serotonin, which stimulates the production of feel-good mood chemicals. (Cocoa contains the chemical theobromine, which triggers feelings of euphoria similar to being in love)
16. Eat chocolate in moderation. It’s one of the most calorific treats you can eat. If you’re desperate for that chocolate fix, try a low-fat chocolate drink.
17. Chocolate contains the trace minerals magnesium and potassium, which are essential to a healthy diet. (Studies suggest that eating chocolate can help to reduce coughing. What a shame it’s not on prescription!)

 Don’t skip breakfast and then eat twice as much for lunch.

18. Are you eating enough? Eating too few meals a day is detrimental to your health and well-being. (Watch that you don’t skip meals, or your body will go into starvation mode and burn off muscle instead of fat)
19. Eating at regular intervals throughout the day helps to keep your metabolism healthy; it also help to counteract the effects of stress. (We would not have the obesity problem that we have today if people simply ate three meals a day and didn’t eat between meals)
20. Eating out can still be fun. Just try to avoid having a starter and a dessert as well. (People eat more when they’re tired, so make sure you get enough sleep)

 Watching TV and eating snacks often go together, so try to watch less TV and become more active instead.

21. Avoid shopping when you’re hungry, or you’re likely to pack the trolley with high-calorie treats. (To minimize temptation, write out your week’s menu in advance and then prepare your shopping list)
22. Meal times should be times of relaxation. Don’t eat on the run, and if you have to eat in the office find another place to sit so that you’re away from sources of stress. (Before eating your meal, take time to relax and breathe. This will help you to enjoy your food as well)

 Laughter is a great tonic: it burns off calories, reduces stress and tightens tummy muscles too!

23. If you eat more calories than your body needs, you’ll put on weight. (Generally fresh is best, so don’t get caught up in convenience foods)

 Beware: fat-free can mean sugar-rich!

24. Treat yourself to porridge for a healthy breakfast. Studies show that oats reduce your cholesterol even more than a low-fat diet. ( Dried fruit and raw vegetables are a healthy alternative to biscuits and chocolate)

 Fibre is not only good for you, it’s filling too.

25. Avoid loading your body with artificial chemicals from frizzy drinks and snacks. They’re likely to aggravate your stress levels. (Drink alcohol in moderation. It’s packed with calories and low in nutrients)

 Drink plenty of water. It keeps you healthy, fills you up and is a great natural moisturizer.

26. Incorporate more exercise into your daily routine. Walk to work, or park your car a distance away from your destination, and try to use the stair instead of the lift. (You don’t have to enroll at your local gym to get fit – walking, running and cycling are free!)

 A brisk daily ten-minute walk will soon burn calories and build stamina.

27. Toning up your muscles raises your metabolic rate so that you burn up more calories, no matter what you are doing. (Weight-bearing exercise helps maintain bone mass, which guards against osteoporosis)
28. Exercise is a great way to get fit and keep healthy – but it won’t compensate for overeating. To lose weight you need to eat less and exercise more. (Exercise releases endorphins which are natural anti-depressants. In some cases it can also suppress your appetite!)

 The hardest thing about dieting is starting.

29. If you want to lose weight, all you need to do is reduce your calories, increase your amount of exercise and live a normal life.
30. Learn from your failures rather than being discouraged by them. One ‘bad’ day or week does not have to sabotage your weight loss regime. (Great expectations can lead to great disappointments, so be realistic about what you want to achieve)

 Watch your mood swings. They can undermine your motivation.

31. If you aim for a small weekly weight loss, you’re more likely to burn fat rather than muscle, and less likely to put weight back on.

 Old habits die hard. If at first you don’t succeed... try again tomorrow!

Herbal Plants and What It Cures

Here's a roster list of herbal plants, that you may find some of them in your backyard.

1. Abutra - wounds
2. Achuete - menstruation; scabies
3. Adelfa (leaves) - lesions; herpes; ringworm; epilepsy; snakebite; insecticide; kulebra
4. Agoho - pimples; menstruation; diarrhea
5. Acapulco - skin; tinea flava (anan); ringworm (buni); ahtlete's foot (alipunga)
6. Alagaw - headache; cough; flatulence
7. Ampalaya - wounds; diabetes; colitis; skin; dysentery
8. Anis - dizziness; flatulence
9. Apple Cider Vinegar - diarrhea; kidney trouble; mucus (flow); reducing; throat infection
10. Aroma - wounds; vomiting dysentery; skin; aprodisiac; inflammation; leucorrhea; gonorrhea
11. Avocado (leaves) - dysentery; fatigue; fingers; gums; headache; inflammation; menstruation; nerves; stomach; swellings; throat; tiredness; rheumatism
12. Avocado (grounded seed and roasted) - leukorrhea; urine problem; diarrhea
13. Balanoy - toothache; wounds; allergies; insect bites
14. Banaba leaves - high blood; hemorrhage; kidney
15. Banana - obesity
16. Garlic - headache; toothache; arthritis; rheumatism; high blood; poisoning; to induce vomitting; allergies; insect bites
17. Cactus - sore eyes
18. Calamansi - cancer; constipation; diabetes; diarrhea; epilepsy; gas pain; hypochondria; indigestion; kidney; malaria; nose; obesity; stomach trouble
19. Calamansi (leaves) - headache; heart disease; cough
20. Camachile (seed) - wounds; boils; measles; pimples; snakebite; neuralgia; throat inflammation; menstruation
21. Camote tuber - high blood
22. Carrots - diarrhea, vision
23. Cherry juice - bladder
24. Cassia - gonorrhea
25. Coconut (mixed with grated carrot) - worms intestinal
26. Coconut (liquid) - diarrhea, dysentery
27. Cogon root - diabetes; paralysis; polio
28. Comfrey - bleeding gums; menstruation; diarrhea; dysentery; cough; cramps; hemorrhage; dermatitis; asthma; bronchitis
29. Corn oil - hair; skin; kidney
30. Dalandan (local oranges) - dizziness; flatulence
31. Dalanghita - vomiting; birth control; nausea; dizziness; headache
32. Damiana - aphrodisiac
33. Damong Maria - high blood; diabetes; lesions; stomachache; headache; flatulence; wounds
34. Dapdap (leaves) - inflammations
35. Dayap - dizziness
36. Duhat  (boiled water with bark) - high blood; boils; dysentery; gums inflammations; itch; LBM; tonsillitis; ulcer; urinary bladder; wounds; diarrhea
37. Eucalyptus (leaves) - cough; hika; bruises. Excessive bronchial secretions, bronchitis, asthma, bronchochrectasis; emphysema
38. Garlic (juice) - eye diseases; gal bladder; kidneys; rheumatism; worms intestinal; cough; high blood pressure; colds; asthma; bronchitis; diabetes; arthritis
39. Gatas-gatas - asthma; bleeding
40. Ginger (boiled) - TB
41. Ginger (tea) - menstruation; throat (sore)
42. Ginseng - tiredness; impotence; menopause
43. Gogo (seed) - delivery (woman); to invigorate; diarrhea; itch (skin); toothache; wounds; dizziness; gum problems; gastro-entestis eczema; rheumatism; fever; anti-spasmodic; nephritis; insomnia
44. Gulaman - constipation; diarrhea
45. Gumamela flowers - boils; swelling; abortion; gonorrhea; urinary tract; menstruation; purgative; sore eyes; bronchitis; pigsa (boils)
46. Guyabano - blood cleaning
47. Herbal teas - obesity
48. Higis-manok - hepatitis; liver; asthma; bronchitis
49. Honey - blood cleaning; bacteria; kidney; nerves; sleep (wetting in bed)
50. Hops - stress; insomnia
51. Ikmo - gas pain; flatulence; stomach; fractured bones; bruises
52. Iodine tree - cuts
53. Ipil-ipil (grounded seed) - worms intestinal
54. Kabling - rheumatism
55. Kabuyaw - dizziness
56. Kakaw (seed) - eczema
57. Kakawati - rheumatism; itch
58. Kalachuchi - cancer; mouth disease; skin disease; rheumatism; itch; cough; tumor, gonorrhea
59. Kalantas - wounds
60. Kalumpang - constipation
61. Kamatsile - diarrhea
62. Kampanilya - poisoning
63. Kandi-kandilaan - ulcers
64. Kasoy - tootchache; gum infections
65. Katakataka - diarrhea; dysentery; snake bite; astringent; sprain; burn; eczema; boils; cholera
66. Katigbi (aged) - blood vessels; muscles
67. Kintsay - high blood pressure
68. Lagundi - fever; teeth; post-natal; headache; gum; cough; fever; flu; wounds; asthma
69. Lantana (leaves) - pilay
70. Lemon - cancer; chest diseases
71. Linga (langis ng Buto) - rheumatism
72. Luya - gas pain; inflammation; sprain; flatulence; colds; tuberculosis; bruises; sinusitis; tonsillitis; fever; dyspepsia (indigestion); vomit; rheumatism
73. Mais (hair) - pampaihi; kidney
74. Makabuhay (katawan o sanga) - wounds; scabies
75. Malunggay - constipation; rheumatism; bleeding
76. Mango leaves - bumps; bruises; bronchial tubes; cataract; cough; worm intestinal; diarrhea; vaginal wash after giving birth
77. Mansanilya (flower) - flatulence; boils
78. Manonggal (Manungal) - fever
79. Mayana - headache; flatulence
80. Niyog-niyugan - worms intestinal
81. Niyog (oil) - eczema; for soothing dry skin; for healthy hair
82. Niyog (tubig o buko) - inability to urinate
83. Onion (broth tea) - bronchial tubes; bruises; chills; cough; flu; hair; hoarseness; kidneys, TB (tea or broth)
84. Onion juice - wounds; gas pain; heart burns
85. Palay - constipation
86. Palo Maria (seed) - flatulence
87. Pandakaki - menstruation; wounds
88. Pandan leaves - blood vessels; headache; rheumatism; antispasmodic; urine; abortion; headache; earache
89. Papaya - boils; ezcema; sores; menstruation; rashes; asthma
90. Papaya (leaves mixed with laundry soap) - stains (on cloth); fever; rheumatism
91. Papaya (fruit) - stomach; TB; worms intestinal; constipation
92. Papaya (seed) - constipation
93. Pineapple juice - worms intestinal; bites (dogs)
94. Pineapple - bones; muscles; nerves; teeth
95. Potato (poultices) - burns; rheumatism; skin; swellings; tumor
96. Pungapong - dyspeptic
97. Romero (young leaves) - flatulence
98. Sabila (leaves) - burns; cuts; abrasion; wounds; pain; sunburns; hair; dandruff; wrinkles; pimples; blackheads; sprains
99. Sage - memory aid; mental defect
100. Sambong - fever; urination; boils; headache; flatulence; throat (sore); stomachache; rheumatism
101. Sampaguita (leaves/flowers) - fever; eye diseases
102. Sampaloc - fever; constipation; cough; for sponge bath; vaginal wash
103. Santan (root decoction) - abortion; sprain; eczema; cough; ulcer; nausea; hiccups; amenorrhea;
104. Sea-weed - wounds
105. Siling labuyo - arthritis
106. Skullcap - stress; insomnia
107. Soro-soro (leaves juice) - otitis (luga) 
108. Sponge (burned) - goiter
109. Squash seed - for delivery (woman-invigorate); eye polio
110. Suha - dizziness; for sponge bath; vaginal wash
111. Sulasi - fever; flatulence; earache; gonorrhea; malaria; nausea; skin; bronchitis; rheumatism
112. Suob-kabayo - headache; flatulence
113. Tagulaway (vine or leaves) - bruises
114. Takip-kohol - fever; anti-diarrhea; anti-dysenteric; gonorrhea; wounds; fractures; inability to urinate
115. Talampunay (leaves or flowers) - asthma
116. Tangan-tangan - for more mother's milk
117. Tsaang-gubat - diarrhea; stomach pains
118. Tsampakang Pula - fever; rheumatism
119. Tsitsirika - cancer; diarrhea; purgative; toothache
120. Tuba leaves - stomach ache
121. Utaw (soybean-ugat) - bruises
122. Wansuy - measles
123. Watercress - diabetes
124. Yerba Buena - fever; teeth; flatulence; rheumatism; dizziness; headache; cough; arthritis